BengaliMCQ: Automatic Generation and Answer Prediction of Academic Multiple-Choice Questions in a Low-Resource Language

Abstract

Traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks process documents without attending to their hierarchical structure, leading to poor performance, especially in low-resource languages such as Bengali. To address this, we propose a structure-aware RAG framework that models Bengali textbooks as hierarchical graphs and uses a contrastively trained graph neural network to retrieve a small set of relevant passages. These passages provide focused context for a large language model, enabling topic-specific multiple-choice question (MCQ) generation and in-domain answer prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework outperforms strong dense retrieval baselines across retrieval metrics, produces more relevant MCQs, and achieves superior answer prediction accuracy.