Measurement of the $\bar \nu_\mu-$Hydrogen Charged-Current Quasi-Elastic Cross Section using the NOvA Near Detector

Abstract

We report a measurement of the total cross section for muon antineutrino charged-current quasi-elastic scattering on hydrogen, $\bar \nu_\mu {\rm H} \to \mu^+ n$, in the NOvA near detector using a $1.2\times10^{21}$ proton-on-target exposure in the NuMI beam. A selection based on topological and kinematic constraints yields 35,509 signal events in the hydrogen-rich ($10.8\%$) detector, providing the highest statistics of (anti)neutrino--hydrogen interactions measured to date. Backgrounds from (anti)neutrino interactions on heavier nuclei are constrained using dedicated data control samples, significantly reducing the related systematic uncertainties. We obtain a value $\sigma (\bar \nu_\mu {\rm H} \to \mu^+ n) = 0.538 \pm 0.009 ({\rm stat}) \pm 0.010 ({\rm syst}) \pm0.055 ({\rm flux}) \times 10^{-38}$ cm$^2$ for the total cross section at an average energy of 1.9 GeV, the most precise total cross-section measurement of this process to date. The combined statistical and non-flux systematic uncertainty is more than four times smaller than the flux uncertainty, allowing a future use of this measurement to constrain the absolute $\bar \nu_\mu$ flux.