Academic paper
An improved direct limit on the muon electric dipole moment
Authors: The Muon g-2 Collaboration: D. P. Aguillard (32), T. Albahri (29), D. Allspach (7), J. Annala (7), K. Badgley (7), S. Bae{\ss}ler (34), L. Bailey (26), E. Barlas-Yucel (27 and a), T. Barrett (6), E. Barzi (7), F. Bedeschi (10), M. Berz (16), M. Bhattacharya (7), H. P. Binney (35), P. Bloom (17), J. Bono (7), E. Bottalico (29), T. Bowcock (29), S. Braun (35), M. Bressler (31 and a), G. Cantatore (12 and b), R. M. Carey (2), B. C. K. Casey (7), D. Cauz (25 and c), R. Chakraborty (28), A. Chapelain (6), S. Chappa (7), S. Charity (29), C. Chen (20 and 21 and d), M. Cheng (27), R. Chislett (26), Z. Chu (20 and d), T. E. Chupp (32), C. Claessens (35), F. Confortini (9 and e), M. E. Convery (7), S. Corrodi (1), L. Cotrozzi (29), J. D. Crnkovic (7), S. Dabagov (8 and f), P. T. Debevec (27), S. Di Falco (10), G. Di Sciascio (11), S. Donati (10 and g), B. Drendel (7), A. Driutti (10 and 28), M. Eads (18), A. Edmonds (2 and 36), J. Esquivel (7), M. Farooq (32), R. Fatemi (28), K. Ferraby (29), C. Ferrari (10 and h), M. Fertl (14), A. T. Fienberg (35), A. Fioretti (10 and h), D. Flay (31), S. B. Foster (2 and 28 and i), H. Friedsam (7), N. S. Froemming (18 and j), C. Gabbanini (10 and h), I. Gaines (7), S. Ganguly (7), J. George (31 and k), L. K. Gibbons (6), A. Gioiosa (24 and l), K. L. Giovanetti (13), P. Girotti (10 and m), W. Gohn (28), L. Goodenough (7), T. Gorringe (28), J. Grange (32), S. Grant (1 and 26), F. Gray (19 and n), S. Haciomeroglu (5 and o), T. Halewood-Leagas (29), D. Hampai (8), F. Han (28), J. Hempstead (35), D. W. Hertzog (35), G. Hesketh (26), E. Hess (10 and p), A. Hibbert (29), Z. Hodge (35), S. Y. Hoh (20 and 21 and q), K. W. Hong (34), R. Hong (1 and 28), T. Hu (20 and 21 and d), Y. Hu (20 and d), M. Iacovacci (9 and e), M. Incagli (10), S. Israel (2 and 31), P. Kammel (35), M. Kargiantoulakis (7), M. Karuza (12 and p), J. Kaspar (35), D. Kawall (31), L. Kelton (22 and 28), A. Keshavarzi (26), D. S. Kessler (31), K. S. Khaw (20 and 21 and d), Z. Khechadoorian (6), B. Kiburg (7), M. Kiburg (7 and 17), O. Kim (33 and n), N. Kinnaird (2), E. Kraegeloh (32), J. LaBounty (35), K. R. Labe (6), M. Lancaster (30), S. Lee (5), B. Li (20 and r), D. Li (20 and s), L. Li (20 and d), I. Logashenko (4 and t), A. Lorente Campos (28), Z. Lu (20 and d), A. Luc\`a (7), G. Lukicov (26), A. Lusiani (10 and u), A. L. Lyon (7), B. MacCoy (35), R. Madrak (7), K. Makino (16), S. Mastroianni (9), R. McCarthy (2 and v), J. P. Miller (2), S. Miozzi (11), B. Mitra (33 and w), J. P. Morgan (7), W. M. Morse (3), J. Mott (7), A. Nath (9 and e), J. K. Ng (20 and 21 and d), H. Nguyen (7), Y. Oksuzian (1), Z. Omarov (5 and 15), W. Osar (6), R. Osofsky (35), S. Park (5), G. Pauletta (25 and c), J. Peck (28), G. M. Piacentino (24 and l), R. N. Pilato (29), K. T. Pitts (27 and x), B. Plaster (28), N. Pohlman (18), C. C. Polly (7), D. Po\v{c}ani\'c (34), J. Price (29), B. Quinn (33), M. U. H. Qureshi (14), G. Rakness (7), S. Ramachandran (1 and k), E. Ramberg (7), R. Reimann (14 and y), B. L. Roberts (2), D. L. Rubin (6), M. Sakurai (26), L. Santi (25 and c), C. Schlesier (27 and z), A. Schreckenberger (7), Y. K. Semertzidis (5 and 15 and aa), A. K. Soha (7), M. Sorbara (11 and bb), J. Stapleton (7), D. Still (7), C. Stoughton (7), D. Stratakis (7), D. St\"ockinger (23), H. E. Swanson (35), G. Sweetmore (30), D. A. Sweigart (6), M. J. Syphers (18), Y. Takeuchi (20 and 21 and d), D. A. Tarazona (6), T. Teubner (29), A. E. Tewsley-Booth (28 and 32), V. Tishchenko (3), N. H. Tran (2), W. Turner (29), E. Valetov (16 and cc), D. Vasilkova (29), G. Venanzoni (29 and dd), T. Walton (7), A. Weisskopf (16), L. Welty-Rieger (7), P. Winter (1), Y. Wu (1 and ee), B. Yu (33), M. Yucel (7), E. Zaid (29), Y. Zeng (20 and 21 and d), C. Zhang (29) ((1) Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA, (2) Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, (3) Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA, (4) Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia, (5) Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP) / Institute for Basic Science (IBS), (6) Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA, (7) Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA, (8) INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy, (9) INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy, (10) INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, (11) INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy, (12) INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy, (13) Department of Physics and Astronomy, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA, (14) Institute of Physics and Cluster of Excellence PRISMA++, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany, (15) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), (16) Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA, (17) North Central College, Naperville, Illinois, USA, (18) Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA, (19) Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA, (20) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, (21) Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, (22) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, USA, (23) Institut f\"ur Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universit\"at Dresden, Dresden, Germany, (24) Universit\`a del Molise, Campobasso, Italy, (25) Universit\`a di Udine, Udine, Italy, (26) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom, (27) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, (28) University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, (29) University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, (30) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, (31) Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA, (32) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, (33) University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA, (34) University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, (35) University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, (36) City University of New York at York College, Jamaica, New York, USA, (a) now at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA, (b) also at Universit\`a di Trieste, Trieste, Italy, (c) also at INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy, (d) also at State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Shanghai, China, also at Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE), Shanghai, China, also at Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai, China, (e) also at Universit\`a di Napoli, Naples, Italy, (f) also at Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia, also at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia, (g) also at Universit\`a di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, (h) also at Istituto Nazionale di Ottica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy, (i) now at Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA, (j) now at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, USA, (k) now at Alliance University, Bangalore, India, (l) also at INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy, (m) now at INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy, (n) now at University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, (o) now at Istinye University, Istanbul, T\"urkiye, (p) also at University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia, (q) now at Department of Physics, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia, (r) also at Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, (s) also at Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, (t) also at Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, (u) also at Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy, (v) also at Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, (w) now at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA, (x) now at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, (y) now at TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany, (z) now at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA, (aa) now at Innovative Solutions R\&D LLC, Stony Brook, New York, USA, (bb) also at Universit\`a di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy, (cc) also at University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, (dd) also at INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, (ee) now at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA)Published: 2026-08-11Paper ID: 2608.11124Category: hep-exLicense: CC BY 4.0
Abstract
A limit on the permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the positive muon is presented based on data from the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment taken between 2019 and 2020. The tracking detectors measure the average vertical decay angle of positrons from muon decays, enabling a search for an interaction between a possible muon EDM $d_\mu$ and the lab-frame magnetic field. The result, $d_\mu = (-0.35 \pm 0.19_{\mathrm{stat}} \pm 0.34_{\mathrm{sys}}) \times10^{-19}~e\cdot$cm, is consistent with zero and sets a new direct limit on the muon EDM of $|d_\mu|<1.10\times10^{-19}~e\cdot$cm at the 95 percent confidence level.
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