Differential varieties of upper triangular matrices

Abstract

Let $L$ be a Lie algebra acting by derivations on an associative algebra $A$ over a field $F$ of characteristic zero. The polynomial identities satisfied by $A$ with respect to this action are called differential identities, or $L$-identities. In this paper, we study the differential identities of the algebra $UT_k$ of $k\times k$ upper triangular matrices and take a first step toward the classification of minimal $L$-varieties of differential exponent $3$. We first prove that, whenever $UT_k$ generates a minimal variety of algebras with derivations, the $L$-action can be replaced by its semisimple part. More precisely, it is enough to consider inner derivations induced by diagonal elements. We then apply this reduction to $UT_3$ and explicitly determine the $T_L$-ideal of differential identities and the corresponding differential codimension sequence for every such action on $UT_3$. Finally, we show that every $L$-variety generated by $UT_k$, with $k\geq 3$, contains $UT_3$ endowed with one of these $L$-actions.