The pairwise Stone space of an S4 De Morgan algebra

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the bitopological duality theory of De Morgan algebras equipped with a closure operator, known as S4 De Morgan algebras. We first introduce certain expansions of pairwise Stone spaces, which we call pairwise S4 De Morgan Stone spaces (henceforth, PS4D-spaces). These consist of a pairwise Stone space $X$ equipped with a twist continuous involution $g\colon X\to X$, as well as a binary relation $R\subseteq X\times X$ that is reflexive and transitive. We first demonstrate that the bitopological spectrum $S_0(A)$ of prime filters of an S4 De Morgan algebra $A$ gives rise to a PS4D-space. A topological representation is then obtained by exhibiting an isomorphism from $A$ to the S4 De Morgan algebra $A_0(S_0(A))$ of $(\tau_1,\delta_2)$-biclopen subsets of $S_0(A)$ whose operation of De Morgan involution is defined through $g$ and whose closure operator is defined through $R$. We then provide an algebraic realization theorem by showing that every PS4D-space $X$ is bihomeomorphic and relationally isomorphic to the bitopological spectrum $S_0(A_0(X))$ of prime filters of $A_0(X)$. With the introduction of suitable bicontinuous frame morphisms, we show that the category $\mathbf{S4D}$ of S4 De Morgan algebras is dually equivalent to the category $\mathbf{PStone_{S4D}}$ of PS4D-spaces. As an application, we provide bitopological characterizations of filters and ideals in general De Morgan algebras under our established duality as well as bitopological soundness and completeness results for an S4-type modal extension of the calculus FDE of first-degree entailment.