Efficient Mode Conversion at 1064 nm via Bilayer Inverse Taper on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate

Abstract

Efficient fiber-to-chip coupling remains challenging for thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) devices operating at 1064 nm. Here, we fabricate and characterize an on-chip optical mode converter based on a bilayer inverse taper. The proposed structure demonstrated a coupling loss of 1.9 dB per facet for the TE mode, with a 1 dB bandwidth spanning 1055--1085 nm. The polarization-dependent alignment tolerance was measured along the lateral and vertical directions. Theoretical and simulation analyses indicate that, when using a lensed fiber with a mode field diameter of 2.5 $\mu$m, the coupling loss can be reduced to as low as 0.48 dB per facet. These results demonstrate the feasibility of providing a high-efficiency solution for on-chip optical coupling at 1064 nm.