Bessel-Like Multiple Orthogonal Polynomials of Mixed Type

Abstract

This article constructs a Bessel-like family of mixed-type multiple orthogonal polynomials for a $q\times p$ matrix weight on the unit circle. Unlike a rank-one product weight, this matrix has generic rank $\min\{q,p\}$ outside a finite subset of the circle. Its reciprocal-Gamma moments recover the multiple Bessel system when $q=1$ and the Bessel-like system of Wolfs when $p=1$. The same matrix is obtained as a scaled Markov-Stieltjes limit of a rank-one Jacobi-like system, although the interval measures themselves have no finite limit. For balanced near-diagonal indices, explicit formulas are obtained for the mixed $A$ and $B$ polynomial vectors. Their orthogonality and weak normality are proved, and componentwise strong normality is characterized. The components have terminating generalized hypergeometric representations; the $B$ components also admit finite Kamp\'e de F\'eriet representations and a matrix Rodrigues-type formula. In the one-row reduction, the bivariate representation becomes a generalized hypergeometric polynomial governed by a reflected type-II multiple Hahn polynomial. Finite Gamma-Pochhammer formulas give the near-diagonal and step-line recurrence coefficients. The corresponding banded recurrence matrix has a bidiagonal Christoffel factorization: the lower factors are evaluated from transformed polynomial vectors, while the upper factors are expressed through finite tau determinants. When $q=1$, every Christoffel step remains within the multiple Bessel family, and Gamma-Vandermonde determinants yield the complete factorization.